SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE






Sustainable agriculture

Sustainable agriculture is a type of agriculture that focuses on producing long-term crops and livestock while having minimal effects on the environment. This type of agriculture tries to find a good balance between the need for food production and the preservation of the ecological system within the environment. In addition to producing food, there are several overall goals associated with sustainable agriculture, including conserving water, reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and promoting biodiversity in crops grown and the ecosystem. Sustainable agriculture also focuses on maintaining economic stability of farms and helping farmers improve their techniques and quality of life.

OR,


Sustainable agriculture is farming in sustainable ways, which means meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs. It can be based on an understanding of ecosystem services .There are many methods to increase the sustainability of agriculture. When developing agriculture within sustainable food system, it is important to develop flexible business process and farming practices.



 Sustainable agriculture provides a potential solution to enable agricultural systems to feed a growing population within the changing environmental conditions.


the term "sustainable agriculture" is defined as an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long term:
  • satisfy human food and fiber needs
  • enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agriculture economy depends
  • make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls
  • sustain the economic viability of farm operations
  • enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole.

several key principles associated with sustainability in agriculture:
  1. The incorporation of biological and ecological processes such as  nutrient cycling, soil regeneration , and nitrogen fixation  into agricultural and food production practices.
  2. Using decreased amounts of non-renewable and unsustainable inputs, particularly the ones that are environmentally harmful.
  3. Using the expertise of farmers to both productively work the land as well as to promote the self-reliance and self-sufficiency of farmers.
  4. Solving agricultural and natural resource problems through the cooperation and collaboration of people with different skills. The problems tackled include pest management and irrigation. 
It “considers long-term as well as short-term economics because sustainability is readily defined as forever, that is, agricultural environments that are designed to promote endless regeneration”. It balances the need for resource conservation with the needs of farmers pursuing their livelihood.
It is considered to be reconciliation ecology, accommodating biodiversity within human landscapes.


Methods of Sustainable Agriculture
Over decades of science and practice,
 several key sustainable farming practices
 have emerged—for example:

1. Crop Rotation: Crop rotation is one 
of the most powerful techniques of sust
-ainable agriculture. Its purpose is to av
-oid the consequences that come with
 planting the same crops in the same
 soil for years in a row. It helps tackle
 pest problems, as many pests prefer
 specific crops. If the pests have a 
steady food supply they can greatly 
increase their population size. 
Rotation breaks the reproduction
 cycles of pests. During rotation, 
farmers can plant certain crops, which
 replenish plant nutrients. These crops 
reduce the need for chemical fertilizers.
2. Cover Crops: Many farmers choose
 to have crops planted in a field at all
 times and never leave it barren, this 
can cause unintended consequences. 
By planting cover crops, such as clover
 or oats, the farmer can achieve his
 goals of preventing soil erosion, suppr
-essing the growth of weeds, and
 enhancing the quality of the soil. 
The use of cover crops also reduces
 the need for chemicals such as fertilizers.
3. Soil Enrichment: Soil is a central com
-ponent of agricultural ecosystems. Healthy
 soil is full of life, which can often be
 killed by the overuse of pesticides.
 Good soils can increase yields as well
 as creating more robust crops. It is 
possible to maintain and enhance the 
quality of soil in many ways. Some 
examples include leaving crop residue
 in the field after a harvest, and the use of 
composted plant material or animal manure.
4. Natural Pest Predators: In order to 
maintain effective control over pests, 
it is important to view the farm as an 
ecosystem as opposed to a factory. 
For example, many birds and other
 animals are in fact natural predators 
of agricultural pests. Managing your 
farm so that it can harbor populations
 of these pest predators is an effective
 as well as a sophisticated technique.
 The use of chemical pesticides can 
result in the indiscriminate killing of 
pest predators.
5 Bio intensive Integrated Pest 
Management: 
Integrated pest management (IPM).
 This is an approach
, which really relies on biological as
 opposed to chemical methods. IMP 
also emphasizes the importance of
 crop rotation to combat pest mana
-gement. Once a pest problem is 
identified, IPM will mean that 
chemical solutions will only be 
used as a last resort. Instead the 
appropriate responses would be 
the use of sterile males, and
 biocontrol agents such as ladybirds.


6.Adopting agroforestry practices. 
By mixing trees or shrubs into their
 operations, farmers can provide 
shade and shelter to protect plants
, animals, and water resources, 
while also potentially offering
 additional income.
7.Managing whole systems and 
landscapes.

 Sustainable farms treat uncultivated
 or less intensively cultivated areas,
 such as riparian buffers or prairie 
strips, as integral to the farm—
valued for their role in controlling
 erosion, reducing nutrient runoff,
 and supporting pollinators and 
other biodiversity.
A key theme connecting many of
 these practices is diversification. 
“Keep it simple” is good advice in 
many situations, but when it comes
 to agriculture, the most sustainable 
and productive systems are more
 diverse and complex—like nature itself.

Benefits of Sustainable Agriculture


1. Contributes to Environmental 


Conservation: The environment plays
 a huge role in fulfilling our basic nee
ds to sustain life. In turn, it is our duty
 to look after the environment so that
 future generations are not deprived 
of their needs. Sustainable agriculture
 helps to replenish the land as well
 as other natural resources such as
 water and air. This replenishment
 ensures that these natural resources
 will be able for future generations 
to sustain life.
2. Public Health Safety:
 Sustainable agriculture avoids 
hazardous pesticides and fertilizers.
 As a result, farmers are able to 
produce fruits, vegetables and other 
crops that are safer for consumers, 
workers, and surrounding 
communities.Through careful and 
proper management of livestock 
waste, sustainable farmers are able to
 protect humans from exposure 
to pathogens, toxins, and other 
hazardous pollutants.
2. Prevents Pollution: 
Sustainable agriculture means 
that any waste a farm produces 
remains inside the farms ecosystem.
 In this way the waste cannot cause
 pollution.
3. Reduction in Cost:
 The use of sustainable agriculture
 reduces the need for fossil fuels,
 resulting in significant cost savings
 in terms of purchasing as well as
 transporting them. This in turn
 lessens the overall costs involved 
in farming.
4. Biodiversity:
 Sustainable farms produces a
 wide variety of plants and animals 
resulting in biodiversity During 
crop rotation, plants are seasonally
 rotated and this results in soil
 enrichment, prevention of diseases,
 and pest outbreaks.
5. Beneficial to Animals: 
Sustainable agriculture results in
 animals being better cared for, as
 well as treated humanely and with
 respect. The natural behaviors of all
 living animals, including grazing or 
pecking, are catered for. As a result
 they develop in a natural way. 
Sustainable farmers and ranchers
 implement livestock husbandry 
practices that protect animals’ health.
6.Economically Beneficial For Farmers:
 In exchange for engaging with sustainable
 farming methods, farmers receive a fair
 wage for their produce. This greatly
 reduces their reliance on government 
subsidies and strengthens rural 
communities. Organic farms typically
 require 2 ½ times less labor than factory
 farms yet yield 10 times the profit.
7. Social Equality:
 Practicing sustainable agriculture
 techniques also benefits workers
 as they are offered a more compe
-titive salary as well as benefits.
 They also work in humane and 
fair working conditions, which 
include a safe work environment,
 food, and adequate living conditions.
8. Beneficial For Environment:
 Sustainable agriculture reduces the
 need for use of non- renewable energy
 resources and as a result benefits the
 environment.


9. Improving food production 
without being wasteful:
As we have explained, the
 anticipated population increase is
 cause for concern. Today, there is
 an opportunity to develop agricultural
 practices from a pure production 
standpoint, and sustainable 
agriculture is the route with the most opportunity.

Sustainable agriculture
 and farm policy
While US farm policy continues to put the lion’s share of public resources behind subsidizing overproduction of corn and other commodity crops, there have been some encouraging signs. The most recent versions of the farm bill have included provisions to support more organic farming, to make it easier for fruit and vegetable farmers to qualify for crop insurance  and to help farmers adopt more sustainable practices on their own working lands.
But if we want to see sustainable farming become the dominant model in the US, we need to go much further. UCS has published a series of reports and issue briefs that offer recommendations for promoting sustainable agriculture through farm policy, as part of our overall goal of transforming our food system to provide healthy, affordable, fairly and sustainably produced food for all Americans. We encourage you to take a look–and then contact your representatives to ask them to support sustainable agriculture.



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